Yahya (upon him be peace) related to me from Malik that Abu'z-Zinad informed him that
a governor of Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz took some people in battle and had
not killed any of them. He wanted to cut off their hands or kill them,
so he wrote to Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz about that Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz
wrote to him, "Better to take less than that."
Yahya said
that he heard Malik say, "What is done among us about a person who
steals the goods of people which are placed under guard in the
markets, and their owners put them in their containers and store them
together is that if anyone steals any of that from where it is kept,
and its value reaches that for which cutting off the hand is obliged,
his hand must be cut off, whether or not the owner of the goods is
with his goods and whether it is night or day."
Malik said
about some one who stole something for which cutting off the hand was
obliged and then what he stole was found with him and he returned it
to its owner, "His hand is cut off."
Malik said, "If someon
says, 'How can his hand be cut off when the goods have been taken from
him and returned to their owner?', it is because he is in the same
position as the wine drinker when the smell of the wine is found on
his breath and he is not drunk. He is flogged with the hadd.
"The hadd is imposed for drinking wine even if it does not make the
man intoxicated. That is because he drank it to become intoxicated. It
is the same as that with cutting off the hand of the thief for theft
when it is taken from him, even if he has not profited from it and it
was returned to its owner. When he stole it, he stole it to take it
away."
Malik said that if some people came to a house and
robbed it together, and then they left with a sack or box or a board
or basket or the like of that which they carried together, and when
they took it out of its guarded place, they carried it together, and
the price of what they took reached that for which cutting off the
hand was obliged, and that was three dirhams and upwards, each of them
had his hand cut off.
"If each of them takes out something by
himself, whoever of them takes out something whose value reaches three
dirhams and upwards must have his hand cut off. If any of them takes
out something whose value does not reach three dirhams, he does not
have his hand cut off."
Yahya said that Malik said, "What is
done among us is that when a man's house is locked and he is the only
one living in it, cutting off the hand is not obliged against the one
who steals something from it until he takes it out of the house
completely. That is because all of the house is a place of custody. If
someone other than him lives in the house and each of them locks his
door, and it is a place of custody for each of them, whoever steals
anything from the apartments of that house must have his hand cut off
when he leaves the apartment and goes into the main house. He has
removed it from its place of custody to another place and he must have
his hand cut off."
Malik said, "What is done in our community
about a slave who steals from the property of his master is that if he
is not in service and among those trusted in the house and he enters
secretly and steals from his master something that for which cutting
off the hand is obliged, his hand is not cut off. It is like that with
a slave-girl when she steals from her master's property. Her hand is
not cut off."
Malik then spoke about a slave who was not in
service and not one of those trusted in the house, and he entered
secretly and stole from the property of his master's wife that for
which cutting off the hand was obliged. He said, "His hand is cut
off."
"It is like that with the wife's slave-girl when she
does not serve her or her husband nor is she trusted in the house and
she enters secretly and steals from her mistress's property that for
which cutting off the hand is obliged. Her hand is not cut off."
"It is like that with the wife's slave-girl who is not in her
service and is not trusted in the house and she enters secretly and
steals from the property of her mistress's husband something for which
cutting off the hand is obliged. Her hand is cut off."
It is
like that with the man who steals from his wife's goods or the wife
who steals from her husband's goods something for which cutting off
the hand is obliged. If the thing which one of them steals from his
spouse's property is in a room other than the room which they both
lock for themselves, or it is in a place of custody in a room other
than the room which they are in, whichever of them steals something
for which cutting off the hand is obliged, their hand should be cut
off."
Malik spoke about a small child and a foreigner who
does not speak clearly. He said, "If they are robbed of something from
its place of custody or from under a lock, the one who stole it has
his hand cut off. If the property is outside of its place of custody
or locked room(when it is stolen), the one who robbed them does not
have his hand cut off. It is then in the position of sheep stolen from
the mountain and uncut fruit hanging on the trees "
Malik
said, "What is done among us about a person who robs graves is that if
what he takes from the grave reaches what cutting off the hand is
obliged for, his hand is cut off . That is because the grave is a
place of custody for what is in it just as houses are a place of
custody for what is in them. "
Malik added, "Cutting off the
hand is not obliged for him until he takes it out of the grave."
Urdu Translation
ابو زناد سے روایت ہے کہ حضرت عمر بن عبدالعزیز کے ایک عامل نے چند آدمیوں کو ڈکیتی میں گرفتار کیا پھر انہوں نے کسی کو قتل نہیں کیا تھا عامل نے چاہا کہ ان کے ہاتھ کاٹے یا ان کو قتل کرے پھر عمر بن عبدالعزیز کو اس بارے میں لکھا انہوں نے جواب میں لکھا کہ اگر تو آسان امر کو اختیار کرے تو بہتر ہے ۔ کہا مالک نے ہمارے نزدیک یہ حکم ہے کہ جو شخص بازار کے ان مالوں کو چرائے جن کو مالکوں نے کسی برتن میں محفوظ کرکے رکھاہو ملا کر ایک درسرے سے، ربع دینار کے موافق چرائے تو اس کا ہاتھ کاٹا جائے گا برابر ہے کہ مالک وہاں موجود ہو یا نہ ہو رات کو ہو یا دن کو۔ کہا مالک نے جو شخص ربع دینار کے موافق مال چرائے پھر مال مسروقہ مالک کے حوالے کردے تب بھی اس کا ہاتھ کا��ا جائے گا اس کی مثال یہ ہے کہ ایک شخص نشے کی چیز پی چکا ہو اور اس کی بو آتی ہو اس کے منہ سے لیکن اس کو نشہ نہ ہو تو پھر بھی حد ماریں گے کیونکہ اس نے نشے کے واسطے پیا تھا اگرچہ نشہ نہ ہوا ہو، ایسا ہی چور کا ہاتھ کاٹا جائے گا اگرچہ وہ چیز مالک کو پھیر دے کیونکہ اس نے لے جانے کے واسطے چرایا تھا اگرچہ لے نہ گیا۔ کہا مالک نے اگر کئی آدمی مل کر مال چرانے کے لئے ایک گھر میں گھسے اور وہاں سے ایک صندوق یا لکڑی یا زیور سب ملا کر اٹھا لائے اگر اس کی قیمت ربع دینار ہو تو سب کا ہاتھ کاٹا جائے گا اگر ہر ایک ان میں سے جدا جدا مال لے کر نکلا تو جس کا مال ربع دینار تک پہنچے گا اس کا ہاتھ کاٹا جائے گا۔ اور جس کا اس سے کم ہوگا اس کا ہاتھ نہ کاٹا جائے گا۔ کہا مالک نے ہمارے نزدیک یہ حکم ہے کہ اگر ایک گھر ہو اس میں ایک ہی آدمی رہتا ہو اب کوئی آدمی اس گھر میں سے کوئی شئے چرائے لیکن گھر سے باہر نہ لے جائے (مگراسی گھر میں ایک کوٹھڑی سے دوسری کوٹھڑی میں رکھے یا صحن میں لائے) تو اس کا ہاتھ نہ کاٹا جائے گا جب تک گھر سے باہر نہ لے جائے البتہ اگر ایک گھر میں کئی کوٹھڑیاں الگ الگ ہوں اور ہر کوٹھڑی میں لوگ رہتے ہوں اب کوئی شخص کوٹھڑی والے کا مال چرا کر کوٹھڑی سے باہر نکال لائے لیکن گھر سے باہر نہ نکالے تب ہاتھ کاٹا جائے گا۔ کہا مالک نے جو غلام گھر میں آجاتا ہو یا لونڈی آجاتی ہو اور اس کے مالک کو اس پر اعتبار ہو وہ اگر کوئی چیز چرائے اپنے مالک کی تو اس کا ہاتھ نہ کاٹا جائے گا اسی طرح جو غلام یا لونڈی آمدو رفت نہ رکھتے ہوں نہ ان کا اعتبار ہو وہ بھی اگر اپنے مالک کا مال چرائیں تو ہاتھ نہ کاٹا جائے گا اور جو اپنے مالک کی بیوی کا مال چرائیں یا اپنی مالکہ کے خاوند کا مال چرائیں تو ہاتھ کاٹا جائے گا۔ کہا مالک نے اسی طرح مرد اپنی عورت کے اس مال کو چرائے جو اس گھر میں نہ ہو جہاں وہ دونوں رہتے ہیں بلکہ ایک اور گھر میں محفوظ ہو یا عورت اپنے خاوند کے ایسے مال کو چرائے جو اس گھر میں نہ ہو جہاں وہ دونوں رہتے ہیں بلکہ ایک اور گھر میں بند ہو تو ہاتھ کاٹا جائے گا۔ کہا مالک نے چھوٹا بچہ یا غیر ملک کا آدمی جو بات نہیں کرسکتا ان کو اگر کوئی ان کے گھر سے چرا لے جائے تو ہاتھ کاٹا جائے گا اور جو راہ میں سے لے جائے یا گھرکے باہر سے تو ہاتھ نہ کاٹا جائے گا اور ان کا حکم پہاڑ کی بکری اور درخت پر لگے ہوئے میوے کا ہوگا۔ کہا مالک نے قبر کھود کر اگر ربع دینار کے موافق کفن چرائے تو اس کا ہاتھ کاٹا جائے گا کیونکہ قبر ایک محفوظ جگہ ہے جیسے گھر لیکن جب تک کفن قبر سے باہر نکال نہ لے تب تک ہاتھ نہ کاٹا جائے گا۔
Yahya (upon him be peace) related to me from Malik that Abu'z-Zinad informed him that
a governor of Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz took some people in battle and had
not killed any of them. He wanted to cut off their hands or kill them,
so he wrote to Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz about that Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz
wrote to him, "Better to take less than that."
Yahya said
that he heard Malik say, "What is done among us about a person who
steals the goods of people which are placed under guard in the
markets, and their owners put them in their containers and store them
together is that if anyone steals any of that from where it is kept,
and its value reaches that for which cutting off the hand is obliged,
his hand must be cut off, whether or not the owner of the goods is
with his goods and whether it is night or day."
Malik said
about some one who stole something for which cutting off the hand was
obliged and then what he stole was found with him and he returned it
to its owner, "His hand is cut off."
Malik said, "If someon
says, 'How can his hand be cut off when the goods have been taken from
him and returned to their owner?', it is because he is in the same
position as the wine drinker when the smell of the wine is found on
his breath and he is not drunk. He is flogged with the hadd.
"The hadd is imposed for drinking wine even if it does not make the
man intoxicated. That is because he drank it to become intoxicated. It
is the same as that with cutting off the hand of the thief for theft
when it is taken from him, even if he has not profited from it and it
was returned to its owner. When he stole it, he stole it to take it
away."
Malik said that if some people came to a house and
robbed it together, and then they left with a sack or box or a board
or basket or the like of that which they carried together, and when
they took it out of its guarded place, they carried it together, and
the price of what they took reached that for which cutting off the
hand was obliged, and that was three dirhams and upwards, each of them
had his hand cut off.
"If each of them takes out something by
himself, whoever of them takes out something whose value reaches three
dirhams and upwards must have his hand cut off. If any of them takes
out something whose value does not reach three dirhams, he does not
have his hand cut off."
Yahya said that Malik said, "What is
done among us is that when a man's house is locked and he is the only
one living in it, cutting off the hand is not obliged against the one
who steals something from it until he takes it out of the house
completely. That is because all of the house is a place of custody. If
someone other than him lives in the house and each of them locks his
door, and it is a place of custody for each of them, whoever steals
anything from the apartments of that house must have his hand cut off
when he leaves the apartment and goes into the main house. He has
removed it from its place of custody to another place and he must have
his hand cut off."
Malik said, "What is done in our community
about a slave who steals from the property of his master is that if he
is not in service and among those trusted in the house and he enters
secretly and steals from his master something that for which cutting
off the hand is obliged, his hand is not cut off. It is like that with
a slave-girl when she steals from her master's property. Her hand is
not cut off."
Malik then spoke about a slave who was not in
service and not one of those trusted in the house, and he entered
secretly and stole from the property of his master's wife that for
which cutting off the hand was obliged. He said, "His hand is cut
off."
"It is like that with the wife's slave-girl when she
does not serve her or her husband nor is she trusted in the house and
she enters secretly and steals from her mistress's property that for
which cutting off the hand is obliged. Her hand is not cut off."
"It is like that with the wife's slave-girl who is not in her
service and is not trusted in the house and she enters secretly and
steals from the property of her mistress's husband something for which
cutting off the hand is obliged. Her hand is cut off."
It is
like that with the man who steals from his wife's goods or the wife
who steals from her husband's goods something for which cutting off
the hand is obliged. If the thing which one of them steals from his
spouse's property is in a room other than the room which they both
lock for themselves, or it is in a place of custody in a room other
than the room which they are in, whichever of them steals something
for which cutting off the hand is obliged, their hand should be cut
off."
Malik spoke about a small child and a foreigner who
does not speak clearly. He said, "If they are robbed of something from
its place of custody or from under a lock, the one who stole it has
his hand cut off. If the property is outside of its place of custody
or locked room(when it is stolen), the one who robbed them does not
have his hand cut off. It is then in the position of sheep stolen from
the mountain and uncut fruit hanging on the trees "
Malik
said, "What is done among us about a person who robs graves is that if
what he takes from the grave reaches what cutting off the hand is
obliged for, his hand is cut off . That is because the grave is a
place of custody for what is in it just as houses are a place of
custody for what is in them. "
Malik added, "Cutting off the
hand is not obliged for him until he takes it out of the grave."
ابو زناد سے روایت ہے کہ حضرت عمر بن عبدالعزیز کے ایک عامل نے چند آدمیوں کو ڈکیتی میں گرفتار کیا پھر انہوں نے کسی کو قتل نہیں کیا تھا عامل نے چاہا کہ ان کے ہاتھ کاٹے یا ان کو قتل کرے پھر عمر بن عبدالعزیز کو اس بارے میں لکھا انہوں نے جواب میں لکھا کہ اگر تو آسان امر کو اختیار کرے تو بہتر ہے ۔ کہا مالک نے ہمارے نزدیک یہ حکم ہے کہ جو شخص بازار کے ان مالوں کو چرائے جن کو مالکوں نے کسی برتن میں محفوظ کرکے رکھاہو ملا کر ایک درسرے سے، ربع دینار کے موافق چرائے تو اس کا ہاتھ کاٹا جائے گا برابر ہے کہ مالک وہاں موجود ہو یا نہ ہو رات کو ہو یا دن کو۔ کہا مالک نے جو شخص ربع دینار کے موافق مال چرائے پھر مال مسروقہ مالک کے حوالے کردے تب بھی اس کا ہاتھ کا��ا جائے گا اس کی مثال یہ ہے کہ ایک شخص نشے کی چیز پی چکا ہو اور اس کی بو آتی ہو اس کے منہ سے لیکن اس کو نشہ نہ ہو تو پھر بھی حد ماریں گے کیونکہ اس نے نشے کے واسطے پیا تھا اگرچہ نشہ نہ ہوا ہو، ایسا ہی چور کا ہاتھ کاٹا جائے گا اگرچہ وہ چیز مالک کو پھیر دے کیونکہ اس نے لے جانے کے واسطے چرایا تھا اگرچہ لے نہ گیا۔ کہا مالک نے اگر کئی آدمی مل کر مال چرانے کے لئے ایک گھر میں گھسے اور وہاں سے ایک صندوق یا لکڑی یا زیور سب ملا کر اٹھا لائے اگر اس کی قیمت ربع دینار ہو تو سب کا ہاتھ کاٹا جائے گا اگر ہر ایک ان میں سے جدا جدا مال لے کر نکلا تو جس کا مال ربع دینار تک پہنچے گا اس کا ہاتھ کاٹا جائے گا۔ اور جس کا اس سے کم ہوگا اس کا ہاتھ نہ کاٹا جائے گا۔ کہا مالک نے ہمارے نزدیک یہ حکم ہے کہ اگر ایک گھر ہو اس میں ایک ہی آدمی رہتا ہو اب کوئی آدمی اس گھر میں سے کوئی شئے چرائے لیکن گھر سے باہر نہ لے جائے (مگراسی گھر میں ایک کوٹھڑی سے دوسری کوٹھڑی میں رکھے یا صحن میں لائے) تو اس کا ہاتھ نہ کاٹا جائے گا جب تک گھر سے باہر نہ لے جائے البتہ اگر ایک گھر میں کئی کوٹھڑیاں الگ الگ ہوں اور ہر کوٹھڑی میں لوگ رہتے ہوں اب کوئی شخص کوٹھڑی والے کا مال چرا کر کوٹھڑی سے باہر نکال لائے لیکن گھر سے باہر نہ نکالے تب ہاتھ کاٹا جائے گا۔ کہا مالک نے جو غلام گھر میں آجاتا ہو یا لونڈی آجاتی ہو اور اس کے مالک کو اس پر اعتبار ہو وہ اگر کوئی چیز چرائے اپنے مالک کی تو اس کا ہاتھ نہ کاٹا جائے گا اسی طرح جو غلام یا لونڈی آمدو رفت نہ رکھتے ہوں نہ ان کا اعتبار ہو وہ بھی اگر اپنے مالک کا مال چرائیں تو ہاتھ نہ کاٹا جائے گا اور جو اپنے مالک کی بیوی کا مال چرائیں یا اپنی مالکہ کے خاوند کا مال چرائیں تو ہاتھ کاٹا جائے گا۔ کہا مالک نے اسی طرح مرد اپنی عورت کے اس مال کو چرائے جو اس گھر میں نہ ہو جہاں وہ دونوں رہتے ہیں بلکہ ایک اور گھر میں محفوظ ہو یا عورت اپنے خاوند کے ایسے مال کو چرائے جو اس گھر میں نہ ہو جہاں وہ دونوں رہتے ہیں بلکہ ایک اور گھر میں بند ہو تو ہاتھ کاٹا جائے گا۔ کہا مالک نے چھوٹا بچہ یا غیر ملک کا آدمی جو بات نہیں کرسکتا ان کو اگر کوئی ان کے گھر سے چرا لے جائے تو ہاتھ کاٹا جائے گا اور جو راہ میں سے لے جائے یا گھرکے باہر سے تو ہاتھ نہ کاٹا جائے گا اور ان کا حکم پہاڑ کی بکری اور درخت پر لگے ہوئے میوے کا ہوگا۔ کہا مالک نے قبر کھود کر اگر ربع دینار کے موافق کفن چرائے تو اس کا ہاتھ کاٹا جائے گا کیونکہ قبر ایک محفوظ جگہ ہے جیسے گھر لیکن جب تک کفن قبر سے باہر نکال نہ لے تب تک ہاتھ نہ کاٹا جائے گا۔
