Arabic (Original)
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ أنبأ أَبُو الْفَضْلِ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْمُزَكِّي أنبأ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ ثنا قُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ ثنا لَيْثٌ عَنْ عَقِيلٍ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنِي عُبَيْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ؓ قَالَ لَمَّا تُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَاسْتُخْلِفَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ بَعْدَهُ وَكَفَرَ مَنْ كَفَرَ مِنَ الْعَرَبِ قَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ لِأَبِي بَكْرٍ ؓ كَيْفَ تُقَاتِلُ النَّاسَ وَقَدْ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أُمِرْتُ أَنْ أُقَاتِلَ النَّاسَ حَتَّى يَقُولُوا لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ فَمَنْ قَالَ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ عَصَمَ مِنِّي مَالَهُ وَنَفْسَهُ إِلَّا بِحَقِّهِ وَحِسَابُهُ عَلَى اللهِ ؟ فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ وَاللهِ لَأُقَاتِلَنَّ مَنْ فَرَّقَ بَيْنَ الصَّلَاةِ وَالزَّكَاةِ فَإِنَّ الزَّكَاةَ حَقُّ الْمَالِ وَاللهِ لَوْ مَنَعُونِي عِقَالًا كَانُوا يُؤَدُّونَهُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ لَقَاتَلْتُهُمْ عَلَى مَنْعِهِ قَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ فَوَاللهِ مَا هُوَ إِلَّا أَنْ رَأَيْتُ اللهَ قَدْ شَرَحَ صَدْرَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ ؓ لِلْقِتَالِ فَعَرَفْتُ أَنَّهُ الْحَقُّ أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ قُتَيْبَةَ 18627 أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ أَنْبَأَ الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ وَهَذَا مِثْلُ الْحَدِيثَيْنِ قَبْلَهُ فِي الْمُشْرِكِينَ مُطْلَقًا وَإِنَّمَا يُرَادُ بِهِ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ مُشْرِكُو أَهْلِ الْأَوْثَانِ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ بِحَضْرَةِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَلَا قُرْبَهُ أَحَدٌ مِنْ مُشْرِكِي أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ إِلَّا يَهُودُ بِالْمَدِينَةِ وَكَانُوا حُلَفَاءَ الْأَنْصَارِ وَلَمْ تَكُنِ الْأَنْصَارُ اسْتَجْمَعَتْ أَوَّلَ مَا قَدِمَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِسْلَامًا فَوَادَعَتْ يَهُودُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ وَلَمْ تَخْرُجْ إِلَى شَيْءٍ مِنْ عَدَاوَتِهِ بِقَوْلٍ يَظْهَرُ وَلَا فِعْلٍ حَتَّى كَانَتْ وَقْعَةُ بَدْرٍ فَتَكَلَّمَ بَعْضُهَا بِعَدَاوَتِهِ وَالتَّحْرِيضِ عَلَيْهِ فَقَتَلَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فِيهِمْ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ بِالْحِجَازِ عَلِمْتُهُ إِلَّا يَهُودُ أَوْ نَصَارَى قَلِيلٌ بِنَجْرَانَ وَكَانَتِ الْمَجُوسُ بِهَجَرَ وَبِبِلَادِ الْبَرْبَرِ وَفَارِسَ نَائِينَ عَنِ الْحِجَازِ دُونَهُمْ مُشْرِكُونَ أَهْلُ الْأَوْثَانِ كَثِيرٌ
English Translation
Abu Abdullah al-Hafiz informed us > Abu al-Fadl ibn Ibrahim al-Muzakki > Ahmad ibn Salamah > Qutaybah ibn Sa'id > Layth > Uqayl > al-Zuhri > Ubaydullah ibn Abdullah ibn Utbah ibn Mas'ud > Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: When the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) passed away and Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) succeeded him, and those Arabs who disbelieved did disbelieve, Umar ibn al-Khattab said to Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him): "How can you fight the people when the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: 'I have been commanded to fight the people until they say there is no god but Allah, and whoever says it has protected his wealth and life from me, except by its right, and his reckoning is with Allah'?" Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "By Allah, I will fight whoever separates between prayer and zakah, for zakah is the right due on wealth. By Allah, if they withheld from me even a hobbling rope that they used to pay to the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him), I would fight them for withholding it." Umar ibn al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "By Allah, it was nothing but that I saw that Allah had expanded the heart of Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) for fighting, and I knew that it was the truth." Both narrated it in the Sahih from Qutaybah. Abu Sa'id ibn Abi Amr informed us > Abu al-Abbas al-Asamm > al-Rabi', who said: Al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: This is like the two hadiths before it regarding polytheists in general. What is meant by it — and Allah knows best — is the idol-worshipping polytheists. There was no one near the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) from among the People of the Book except the Jews in Madinah, who were allies of the Ansar. The Ansar had not all embraced Islam when the Messenger of Allah first arrived, so the Jews made a peace treaty with him and did not show any hostility in word or deed until the Battle of Badr, when some of them spoke in hostility and incitement against him. Then the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) fought among them. There were, as far as I know, only Jews in the Hijaz, or a few Christians in Najran. The Zoroastrians were in Hajar and in the lands of the Berbers and Persia, far from the Hijaz, with idol-worshipping polytheists between them — they were many.